William g



Patented Julyl', l1883;

' W. GQ HOWELL.

` PILE 0E GOMBINEEIEON yAND STEEL.

No.' 281,366.;v

(No Model.)

N. PETERS mmmhqnphu. vla-hinge. nc;

` UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM G. HOWELL, 0E PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, AssIGNoR or ONE-HALETo WILLIAM GERHARD, oE sAME PLACE.

P|LE OF COMBINED IRON AND STEEL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of LettersPatent No, 281,366, dated July 17,1883.

Application filed January 13, 1883. (No model.) i

T0 all whom it may concern,.-

Be it known that I, VILLIAM G. HOWELL, of the city and county ofPhiladelphia, and State of Pennsylvania, have invented au Improvement inPiles of Combined Iron and Steel for the Manufacture of Axles, Shafts,8m., of which the following is a specification.

My invention has reference to piles of combined iron and steel; and itconsists in forming the pile of a series of steel central barssurroundedby iron shaped to form an envelope, as more fully set forth inthe following speciiication, and shown in the accompanying drawings,which form part thereof.

Heretofore combined iron and steel piles from which to roll axles,shafts, Snc., were made with single steel centers enveloped in an ironcovering.

The obj ect of my invention is to so form the pile that when rolled thesteel and iron will be firmly welded together, the steel being in aseries of bars running longitudinally through the solid mass of iron,whereby the strength is greatly improved, owing, mainly, to the factthat a flaw in any one of the steel bars or centers will not materiallyweaken the combined bar, as would be the case if there were but onesteel center, as constructed heretofore.

In the drawings, Figure 1 shows a cross-section of my improved pile, andFig. 2 is a crosssection of a combined iron and steel axle or shaft madefrom said pile.

A represents steel bars substantially square or diamond-shaped incross-section, which are inclosed within arched U or V shaped bars B, ofwrought-iron or puddle bar, which bars meet at O on two opposite edgesof the steel billets or bars A, as shown. If desired, a series of thesebars B may be rolled together, as shown at B, and then placed together,inclosing the steel bars and keeping them separated.

This pile is then inclosed in the exterior flat bars of iron, preferablyof puddle-bar, and the whole is bound together. It is then heated to awelding temperature and passed through the rolls, being rolled intorailroad axles or shafting in which there are a series of longitudinalsteel centers welded to the inclosing-envelope of iron, as shown in Fig.2.

I do not limit myself to the exact ,shape of the pile describedl ortothe double coating of iron or puddle bar; but I prefer thatconstruction of combined iron and steel pile when used for the purposespecified.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is-

l. The herein-described pile of combined iron and steel from which toroll axles, shafting, Ste., which consists of a series of steel barsisolated from each other, inclosed and entirely enveloped bywrought-iron bars or puddle-bars, substantially as specified.

2. The herein-described pile of combined iron and steel from which toroll axles, shafts, Ste., which consists of a series of steel barsisolated from each other, inclosed and entirely enveloped by iron bars,and thecompound pile thus formed inclosed by external plates of iron,

substantially as and for the purpose specified. 3. The herein-describedshaft or axle, which consists of iron having a series of longitudinalsteel centers, said centers being separated from each other by theinterposed iron, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

In testimony of which invention I hereunto set my hand.

VILLIAM G. IIOVELL.

Vituesses:

WM. GERHARD, XV. HOPKINS.

